The EU had previously investigated Chinese companies and levied tariffs according to the level of state support to neutralize market distortion. Now, EU is dropping tariffs and instead creating a cartel for the industry.
The EU had previously investigated Chinese companies and levied tariffs according to the level of state support to neutralize market distortion. Now, EU is dropping tariffs and instead creating a cartel for the industry.
China’s dominance isn’t really because China has exclusive access to known reserves of it. It’s because China dominates the processing industry for these. I’d guess that at least some of that is probably due to more-permissive environmental regulations.
https://www.npr.org/2025/07/23/nx-s1-5475137/china-rare-earth-elements
https://rareearthexchanges.com/news/how-china-processes-rare-earths-what-review-really-shows/