Summary

Five years after Brexit, its promises of sovereignty, economic gains, and reduced migration remain unfulfilled. While Brexit offers regulatory flexibility, its overall impacts are largely negative.

The UK economy has suffered a £100bn annual output loss, with GDP 4% smaller than it would have been without Brexit.

Trade barriers have reduced exports, particularly to the EU, with small businesses and sectors like agriculture and fishing hit hardest.

Migration has surged to record levels, but net EU migration has turned negative.

Public dissatisfaction is high, with 59% believing Brexit has gone poorly.