The fines don’t make sense to me. If the cars are supposed to meet some specific standard but don’t a fine will make it a business problem to hey to pass the cost of the fine along to the consumer. Consider the pickup trucks in the US: typically worse emissions per passenger compared to a “commuter vehicle”.
If something doesn’t pass regulation, why should it be allowed to be sold at all?
Thanks for the feedback. I plan to do some reading on NFSv4 domain mapping this weekend.